The current project poses the idea of an economic growth -which was the topic of the former project- unaccompanied by an economic development in the scope of Mediterranean Europe. This had been one of the most advanced areas since the central centuries of the Middle Ages, but it ceased to be so in favour of Northwestern Europe in the early modern period. This was not only due to geo-strategical factors, with the subordinated role the Mediterranean assumed with the transference of the centre of the political and economic activity to the Atlantic, but we think this was also due to an increase of inequality and more important burdens to social mobility and political action on the part of Southern statal and urban oligachies. The project enroots thus in the scholarship and current social problems of our times, such as the rise of inequality and the diminish of social promotion and job improvement opportunities, which we will studied through the distribution of wealth and social mobility, respectively conditioned by the political action of public powers to a large extent. For this purpose we will rely on tax sources preserved from the late middle ages, particularly catastri, and we will turn to techniques and methods that have been employed and acknowledged by the specialised historiography (e.g. Gini coeficients, as well as the top 10 and 1% of the most affluent tax-payers). The project concentrates upon nine specific aims, which cover from agrarian growth (including late medieval redistribution of land, the expansion of irrigation and the new structuration of the territory, the diffusion of new crops and the introduction of technical and productive improvements) to the development of the internal market; the features, volumen and conditions of coinage production; material culture as a wealth index, studied through probate inventories; book production and library possession and readings; social mobility indexes by turning to prosopographical analysis; and finally, economic policy and the agents of power.